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   An Interval is the distance from one tone to another but you must be specific on the tones, If you say "What is the interval from C to G" then most people would say its a fifth, This is only half-truth because it is also a fourth...

   There are two intervals that occur from C to G which is because there is an assumption that you are going forward instead of backwards, If you start from C and go forward >>> to a G then the interval is a 5th but if you start from C and go <<< backwards then the interval is a 4th...

   This means any 'Interval' (except for the tritonic interval) is a combination of two intervals which can be seen by the above diagram, If you look at the interval of C to F then you can see how closely it is related to C to G...

   All the other 'intervals' would be lopsided and you can which intervals are closely related by which 'two' are used, If you think of using both intervals going either way then you sometimes get relative alterations...

   You can see that the intervals from C to A / A to C are a "major 6th" and a "minor 3rd" so these two intervals go good together, Another interval that is cool to look at is 'C to E' / 'E to C'...

   I have (for the most part) totally ignored intervals while growing up so I have to use other sources as to what intervals are, I haven't checked but you should find every interval in any one key, Here is a list of intervals I have compiled from other sources (this is going > forward)...

Hops from starting tone - Interval - Relative Interval

1 hop  - minor 2nd => major 7th...
2 hops - major 2nd => minor 7th...
3 hops - minor 3rd =>minor 6th...
4 hops - major 3rd => aug 5th...
5 hops - perfect 4th => perfect 5th...
6 hops - tritone =>...
7 hops - perfect 5th => perfect 4th...
8 hops - aug 5th => major 3rd...
9 hops - minor 6th => minor 3rd...
10 hops - minor 7th => major 2nd...
11 hops - major 7th => minor 2nd...
12 hops - Octave...

   When you take the interval going >>> forward and swing it around and go <<< backwards then you can get some relative alterations, This doesn't work on the perfect intervals because they are all relative to each other (I. IV. V.) (C F G)...

A perfect 4th going < backwards is a perfect 5th...
(Start from any tone and make 5 hops)

A perfect 5th going < backwards is a perfect 4th...
(Start from any tone and make 7 hops)

   You can see the strong relationship of the 4th and 5th which is why its so popular, Some of the other intervals have relatives that are modifications of the major scale (outside the key)...

A major 3rd going < backwards is an augmented 5th...
(Start from any tone and make 4 hops)

A minor 3rd going < backwards is an augmented 2nd...
(Start from any tone and make 3 hops)

   The augmented intervals have been my favorite alterations here lately which is evident with our youtube droppings and the latest sessions, The smaller intervals like the 'two hops' or 'one hop' help create the diminished scales which we don't really cover...

A major 2nd going < backwards is a diminished 7th
(Start from any tone and make 2 hops)

   The diminished scales are not mentioned here because they sound kinda crappy, They are even so odd that they are hard to play because they go outside of pleasant alterations... (On with the tritonics)...

A tritonic interval 'triangulates' two tone...
(Start from any tone and make 6 hops)

(C and F# played together can be seen as a 'two tone' interval based chord)

   The tritonic interval is super cool because its the only interval that is relative to itself, The interval of 'C to F#' is the same going < backwards and > forwards wich is unique to all the others, The tritonic interval of "C" is f# which ends up being (in terms of a scale) a simple key change from C to G...

G's tritonic interval is an augmented root...

B's tritonic interval is F which means F's tritonic interval is B...

  To find the tritonic interval of any tone just make six hops and the tone you land on is it, You can do this going either direction but we shown it going > forward...

   Let's look at the tritonic interval of the tones used in the Key of C lined up to see the altered scales and chords it creates...

C - F#  (Key of C into Key of G)...
D - G#  (C major scale with a #5)...    this adds an "E major" chord
E - Bb  (Key of C into Key of F)...
F - B...  (C major scale)  The VII. power chord of the key of C is interlinked with the VII. power chord of the key of Gb...
G - C#  (C major scale with a #1)...  this adds an "A major" chord
A - D#  (C major scale with a #2)...
B - F... (C major scale)

   We don't have a lesson on just intervals because I never dug too deep into them, The tritonic interval is no doubt something mysteriously unique, Its a window to truly great alterations of the major scale... (Spanish Lullabye uses the #5 and #2 scales alongside the major scale)...