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Catching Up II...

   The Major Scales are what we call the 'major modes' or the modes that start on the major tones, The major tones for the Key of C are (C F G). When someone says a "C Major Scale" they most likely mean the "C Ionian Scale" which isnt really fair to the "G Mixolydian Scale" and "F Lydian Scale". What makes a mode a mode is usually determined by the 'starting' and 'ending' tones... C to C, G to G, F to F...

G (Mixolydian) V. Major - G A B C D E F

C (Ionian) I. Major - C D E F G A B (C Major Scale)

F (Lydian) IV. Major - F G A B C D E

    These modes can be played over 'anything' in the Key of C, Just because you are playing a "G Major" chord does not mean you can't play the "C Major" mode. It may be hard to learn each mode as a scale in itself, Its best to master the entire pattern up to the 12th fret where it starts over again... The only other 'scale' type would be the 'diminished' scale which will probably never be given any chance of being called a 'scale'.

    All in all when you combine all the tones of all the modes together you still come up with one 'set of tones' or its common term (KEYs)